1. http://kldp.org/node/91717

Ralink Technology: Linux
2. http://www.ralinktech.com/ralink/Home/Support/Linux.html

압축화일 풀기
2008_0718_RT2870_Linux_STA_v1.3.1.0.tar.bz2
# bunzip2 화일이름.bz2
# gzip 화일이름.tar
# tar -xvzf 화일이름.tar.gz

README_STA

* README
*
* Ralink Tech Inc.
*
* http://www.ralinktech.com
*

=======================================================================
ModelName:
===========
RT2870 Wireless Lan Linux Driver

=======================================================================
Driver lName:
===========
rt2870.o/rt2870.ko

=======================================================================
Supporting Kernel:
===================
linux kernel 2.4 and 2.6 series.
Tested in Redhat 7.3 or later.

=======================================================================
Ralink Hardware:
===================
Ralink 802.11n Wireless LAN Card.

=======================================================================
Description:
=============
This is a linux device driver for Ralink RT2870 USB ABGN WLAN Card.

=======================================================================
Contents:
=============
Makefile         : Makefile
*.c     : c files
*.h     : header files

=======================================================================
Features:
==========
   This driver implements basic IEEE802.11. Infrastructure and adhoc mode with
   open or shared or WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK authentication method.
   NONE, WEP, TKIP and AES encryption.

=======================================================================
Build Instructions: 
====================

1> $tar -xvzf DPO_RT2870_Linux_STA_x.x.x.x.tgz
    go to "./DPO_RT2870_Linux_STA_x.x.x.x" directory.
   
2> In Makefile
  set the "MODE = STA" in Makefile and chose the TARGET to Linux by set "TARGET = LINUX"
  define the linux kernel source include file path LINUX_SRC
  modify to meet your need.

3> In os/linux/config.mk
 define the GCC and LD of the target machine
 define the compiler flags CFLAGS
 modify to meet your need.
 ** Build for being controlled by NetworkManager
    Please set 'HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT=y' and 'HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=y'.
 ** Build for being controlled by WpaSupplicant with Ralink Custom Event
    Please set 'HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT=y' and 'HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=n'.
    command: #./wpa_supplicant -Dralink -ira0 -c wpa_supplicant.conf -d

4> $make         # compile driver source code

5> $cp RT2870STA.dat  /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/RT2870STA.dat
   
6> load driver, go to "os/linux/" directory.
    #[kernel 2.4]
    #    $/sbin/insmod rt2870sta.o
    #    $/sbin/ifconfig ra0 inet YOUR_IP up
       
    #[kernel 2.6]
    #    $/sbin/insmod rt2870sta.ko
    #    $/sbin/ifconfig ra0 inet YOUR_IP up

7> unload driver   
    $/sbin/ifconfig ra0 down
 $/sbin/rmmod rt2870sta
 
=======================================================================
CONFIGURATION: 
====================
RT2870 driver can be configured via following interfaces,
i.e. (i)"iwconfig" command, (ii)"iwpriv" command, (iii) configuration file

i)  iwconfig comes with kernel. 
ii) iwpriv usage, please refer to file "iwpriv_usage.txt" for details.
iii)modify configuration file "RT2870STA.dat" in /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/RT2870STA.dat.
          
Configuration File : RT2870STA.dat
---------------------------------------
# Copy this file to /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/RT2870STA.dat
# This file is a binary file and will be read on loading rt.o module.
#
# Use "vi RT2870STA.dat" to modify settings according to your need.
#
# 1.) set NetworkType to "Adhoc" for using Adhoc-mode, otherwise using Infrastructure
# 2.) set Channel to "0" for auto-select on Infrastructure mode
# 3.) set SSID for connecting to your Accss-point.
# 4.) AuthMode can be "WEPAUTO", "OPEN", "SHARED", "WPAPSK", "WPA2PSK", "WPANONE"
# 5.) EncrypType can be "NONE", "WEP", "TKIP", "AES"
# for more information refer to the Readme file.
#
#The word of "Default" must not be removed
Default
CountryRegion=5
CountryRegionABand=7
CountryCode=
SSID=Dennis2860AP
NetworkType=Infra
WirelessMode=9
Channel=0
BeaconPeriod=100
TxPower=100
BGProtection=0
TxPreamble=0
RTSThreshold=2347
FragThreshold=2346
TxBurst=1
WmmCapable=0
AckPolicy=0;0;0;0
AuthMode=OPEN
EncrypType=NONE
WPAPSK=
DefaultKeyID=1
Key1Type=0
Key1Str=
Key2Type=0
Key2Str=
Key3Type=0
Key3Str=
Key4Type=0
Key4Str=
PSMode=CAM
FastRoaming=0
RoamThreshold=70
HT_RDG=1
HT_EXTCHA=0
HT_OpMode=1
HT_MpduDensity=4
HT_BW=1
HT_AutoBA=1
HT_BADecline=0
HT_AMSDU=0
HT_BAWinSize=64
HT_GI=1
HT_MCS=33
HT_MIMOPSMode=3
IEEE80211H=0
TGnWifiTest=0
WirelessEvent=0

-----------------------------------------------
*NOTE:
 WMM parameters
   WmmCapable   Set it as 1 to turn on WMM Qos support    
   AckPolicy1~4  Ack policy which support normal Ack or no Ack
        (AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, AC_VO)  
 
 All WMM parameters do not support iwpriv command but ‥WmmCapable……,
 please store all parameter to RT2870STA.dat, and restart driver.  

-----------------------------------------------
syntax is 'Param'='Value' and describes below.

@> CountryRegion=value                                
 value
  0: use 1 ~ 11 Channel
  1: use 1 ~ 13 Channel
  2: use 10 ~ 11 Channel
  3: use 10 ~ 13 Channel
  4: use 14 Channel
  5: use 1 ~ 14 Channel
  6: use 3 ~ 9 Channel
  7: use 5 ~ 13 Channel
                                           
@> CountryRegionABand=value             
 value
  0: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165 Channel
  1: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140 Channel
  2: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64 Channel
  3: use 52, 56, 60, 64, 149, 153, 157, 161 Channel
  4: use 149, 153, 157, 161, 165 Channel
  5: use 149, 153, 157, 161 Channel
  6: use 36, 40, 44, 48 Channel
  7: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165 Channel
  8: use 52, 56, 60, 64 Channel
  9: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 132, 136, 140, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165 Channel
    10: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165 Channel
    11: use 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 149, 153, 157, 161 Channel

@> CountryCode=value
 value
  AG, AR, AW, AU, AT, BS, BB, BM, BR, BE, BG, CA, KY, CL, CN, CO, CR, CY, CZ, DK, DO, EC, SV, FI, FR, DE,
  GR, GU, GT, HT, HN, HK, HU, IS, IN, ID, IE, IL, IT, JP, JO, LV, LI, LT, LU, MY, MT, MA, MX, NL, NZ, NO,
  PE, PT, PL, RO, RU, SA, CS, SG, SK, SI, ZA, KR, ES, SE, CH, TW, TR, GB, UA, AE, US, VE
  "" => using default setting: 2.4 G - ch 1~11; 5G - ch 52~64, 100~140, 149~165
                                                          
@> SSID=value                 
 value
  0~z, 1~32 ascii characters.
                     
@> WirelessMode=value
 value
  0: legacy 11b/g mixed
  1: legacy 11B only
  2: legacy 11A only         //Not support in RfIcType=1(id=RFIC_5225) and RfIcType=2(id=RFIC_5325)
  3: legacy 11a/b/g mixed     //Not support in RfIcType=1(id=RFIC_5225) and RfIcType=2(id=RFIC_5325)
  4: legacy 11G only
  5: 11ABGN mixed
  6: 11N only
  7: 11GN mixed
  8: 11AN mixed
  9: 11BGN mixed
    10: 11AGN mixed
                    
@> Channel=value
 value
  depends on CountryRegion or CountryRegionABand
                     
@> BGProtection=value
 value
  0: Auto
  1: Always on
  2: Always off
                     
@> TxPreamble=value
   value
  0:Preamble Long
  1:Preamble Short
  2:Auto
                     
@> RTSThreshold=value
 value
  1~2347                                                      
                                                           
@> FragThreshold=value
 value        
  256~2346
                     
@> TxBurst=value
 value
  0: Disable
  1: Enable

@> NetworkType=value      
 value
  Infra: infrastructure mode
        Adhoc: adhoc mode
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
@> AuthMode=value
 value
  OPEN   For open system
  SHARED    For shared key system
  WEPAUTO     Auto switch between OPEN and SHARED
  WPAPSK      For WPA pre-shared key  (Infra)
  WPA2PSK     For WPA2 pre-shared key (Infra)
  WPANONE  For WPA pre-shared key  (Adhoc)
  WPA         Use WPA-Supplicant
  WPA2        Use WPA-Supplicant

@> EncrypType=value
 value
  NONE  For AuthMode=OPEN                   
  WEP   For AuthMode=OPEN or AuthMode=SHARED
  TKIP  For AuthMode=WPAPSK or WPA2PSK                   
  AES   For AuthMode=WPAPSK or WPA2PSK                    
 
@> DefaultKeyID=value
 value
  1~4

@> Key1=value
    Key2=value
    Key3=value
    Key4=value
 value
  10 or 26 hexadecimal characters eg: 012345678
        5 or 13 ascii characters eg: passd
    (usage : "iwpriv" only)    

@> Key1Type=vaule
    Key2Type=value
    Key3Type=vaule
    Key4Type=vaule
    value
  0   hexadecimal type
  1   assic type
    (usage : reading profile only)

@> Key1Str=value
    Key2Str=value
    Key3Str=vaule
    Key4Str=vaule
    value
  10 or 26 characters (key type=0)
  5 or 13 characters  (key type=1)
    (usage : reading profile only)

@> WPAPSK=value               
 value
  8~63 ASCII    or
  64 HEX characters
                                                     
@> WmmCapable=value
 value
  0: Disable WMM
  1: Enable WMM
       
@> PSMode=value
    value
     CAM       Constantly Awake Mode
  Max_PSP      Max Power Savings
  Fast_PSP  Power Save Mode

@> FastRoaming=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled

@> RoamThreshold=value
 value
  Positive Interger(dBm)

@> HT_RDG=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled

@> HT_EXTCHA=value (Extended Channel Switch Announcement)
 value
  0    Below
  1     Above

@> HT_OpMode=value
 value
  0    HT mixed format
  1    HT greenfield format

@> HT_MpduDensity=value
 value (based on 802.11n D2.0)
  0: no restriction
  1: 1/4 즗s
  2: 1/2 즗s
  3: 1 즗s
  4: 2 즗s
  5: 4 즗s
  6: 8 즗s
  7: 16 즗s

@> HT_BW=value
 value
  0    20MHz
  1    40MHz

@> HT_AutoBA=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled

@> HT_BADecline
 value
  0    Disabled
  1       Enabled <Reject BA request from AP>

@> HT_AMSDU=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled

@> HT_BAWinSize=value
 value
  1 ~ 64

@> HT_GI=value
 value
  0    long GI
  1    short GI

@> HT_MCS=value
 value
  0 ~ 15
  33: auto

@> HT_MIMOPSMode=value
 value (based on 802.11n D2.0)
  0    Static SM Power Save Mode
  1    Dynamic SM Power Save Mode
  2    Reserved
  3    SM enabled
 (not fully support yet)

@> IEEE80211H=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled

@> TGnWifiTest=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled

@> WirelessEvent=value
 value
  0    Disabled
  1    Enabled <send custom wireless event>
    
MORE INFORMATION
=================================================================================
If you want for rt2870 driver to auto-load at boot time:
A) choose ra0 for first RT2870 WLAN card, ra1 for second RT2870 WLAN card, etc.
  
B) create(edit) 'ifcfg-ra0' file in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/,     
   edit( or add the line) in /etc/modules.conf:
       alias ra0 rt2870sta
  
C) edit(create) the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ra0 
   DEVICE='ra0'
   ONBOOT='yes'    

NOTE:
   if you use dhcp, add this line too .
    BOOTPROTO='dhcp'

*D) To ease the Default Gateway setting,
    add the line
    GATEWAY=x.x.x.x  
    in /etc/sysconfig/network
=======================================================================

Security >
check Allow local system administrator login

/etc/rc.local

.profile
...
LANG=C
LANGUAGE=C
...

위 두줄을 삭제하거나 아래처럼 리마크(#) 처리한다.

...
# LANG=C
# LANGUAGE=C
...

참고
1. http://kldp.org/node/85934
2. http://pandora80.tistory.com/entry/%EC%9A%B0%EB%B6%84%ED%88%AC-root-%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8

우분투 8.04 설치 후 업데이트 에러 계속 발생 ->

1. 설치시 랜(Lan)선 제거할 것.
2. 우분투 설치 중 디폴트 값으로 설치 할것 -> 디폴트 값으로 usa 등으로 선택 값을 korea 로 바꿔서 설치 하면 업데이트 에러 발생
3. 우분투 설치 중 언어지원 팩 설치하지 않음, 우분투 설치 후 업데이트 시 인스톨

이 내용은 정확한 내용이 아닙니다. 8.04 설치 시 에러가 너무 많이 발생하여 설치 하는 도중 의심 나는 내용을 적어보면서 테스트 하는 내용 입니다.

http://eyagy.egloos.com/3692047 http://blog.naver.com/eyseys?Redirect=Log&logNo=90024616284

# apt-get 명령어

# 다운로드 받은 패키지 화일 보관 -> /var/cache/apt/archives/

# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
# sudo apt-get upgrade
# sudo apt-get upgrade -f

# sudo apt-get install -f

# sudo apt-get clean
# sudo apt-get autoclean
# sudo apt-get check
# sudo apt-get autoremove

Mplayer에서 사용할 윈도 관련 코덱 모음
# sudo apt-get install w32codecs
참고 : http://cputigerjk.egloos.com/286357

# apt-cdrom
# sudo apt-cdrom add

# 오류
# apt-get segmation fault 오류 해결
-> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list 화일을 삭제한다.

# package 'apt' is missing final newline 오류 해결
-> /var/lib/dpkg/info/ 밑에 문제를 일으킨 패키지명.list 파일을 삭제하고 다시 apt-get

참고 : http://keeptalk.cafe24.com/tc/134?
TSSESSIONkeeptalkcafe24comtc=6ca0fe2a542b09435fba9fad5cb735a3


참고
apt-get 디펜던시
http://clien.career.co.kr/zboard/view.php?id=lecture&page=1&sn1=&divpage=1&category=2&sn=off&ss=on&sc=on&select_arrange=headnum&desc=asc&no=3898
rpm, dpkg 명령어
http://blog.naver.com/koreaotn?Redirect=Log&logNo=10029633579
apt-get, dpkg
http://www.aproxacs.com/search/apt

# dpkg 명령어

# sudo dpkg --configure -a

# 오류

/var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list 오류   ???

# sudo dpkg --configure -a 오류 해결
->
ubuntu:/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
dpkg: `/var/lib/dpkg/available' 파일 4335번 줄 근처에서 파싱 오류 꾸러미 `libgnome2-canvas-perl':
 `Depends' 필드, 꾸러미 이름(`
ubuntu:/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ cd /var/lib/dpkg

위와 같은 에러가 발생할 경우

ubuntu:/var/lib/dpkg$ ls
alternatives   cmethopt        info   statoverride      status-old
available      diversions      lock   statoverride-old  triggers
available-old  diversions-old  parts  status            updates

ubuntu:/var/lib/dpkg$ sudo vi available
ubuntu:/var/lib/dpkg$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

편집기로 available를 불러낸 다음 에러가 발생한 4335번 줄로 가서 4335줄을 포함하고 있는 모든 Package 라인을 삭제한 다음 sudo dpkg --configure -a 를 실행한다.(다음 에러 발생시 똑같이 반복한다.)

삭제는 다음과 같다.

Package: xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
Priority: optional
Section: x11
Installed-Size: 92
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: i386
Version: 1:12.4.3-1ubuntu1
Replaces: xserver-xorg (<< 6.8.2-35)
Provides: xserver-xorg-input-2
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.7-1), xserver-xorg-core (>= 2:1.4)
Size: 14676
Description: X.Org X server -- VMMouse input driver to use with VMWare
 This package provides the driver for the X11 vmmouse input device.
 .
 The VMMouse driver enables support for the special VMMouse protocol
 that is provided by VMware virtual machines to give absolute pointer
 positioning.
 .
 The vmmouse driver is capable of falling back to the standard "mouse"
 driver if a VMware virtual machine is not detected. This allows for
 dual-booting of an operating system from a virtual machine to real hardware
 without having to edit xorg.conf every time.
 .
 More information about X.Org can be found at:
 <URL:http://www.X.org>
 <URL:http://xorg.freedesktop.org>
 <URL:http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/xorg>
 .
 This package is built from the X.org xf86-input-vmmouse driver module.
Original-Maintainer: Debian X Strike Force <debian-x@lists.debian.org>

Package: libexempi3
...

삭제시
Package: xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse 부터
...
Package: libexempi3 사이에 있는 모든 라인을 삭제한다.

참고
dpkg 패키지 관리 툴
http://wiki.kldp.org/KoreanDoc/debpkg.txt

수동
 # fsck /dev/sda1